Dig Deep
Motivations For & Impacts of Westward Expansion
PRINT RESOURCES: NON-FICTION
Pioneers, Westward Expansion and the Oregon Trail
A Covered Wagon Girl: The Diary of Sallie Hester, 1849-1850, edited by Christy Steele with Ann Hodgson
http://www.amazon.com/Covered-Wagon-Girl-1849-1850-Diaries/dp/0736803440/ref=sr_1_2?ie=UTF8&qid=1244207318&sr=1-2
Great primary source material from a young pioneer girl's diary.
A Pioneer Sampler: The Daily Life of a Pioneer Family in 1840, Barbara Greenwood
http://www.amazon.com/Pioneer-Sampler-Daily-Life-Family/dp/0395883938/ref=pd_sim_b_4
Follows a fictional family's daily activities on their pioneer farm. Has facts and diagrams interspersed. For grades 5-8, but thought you might take a look incase this is something you think might interest some higher reading students.
Growing up in pioneer America, 1800 to 1890, Judith Pinkerton Josephson
http://www.amazon.com/Growing-Up-Pioneer-America-1800/dp/0822506599/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1244134093&sr=1-1
Describes a variety of children's lives from various socio-economic strata but all grew up moving to and pioneering the American West. Has primary source material including quotes from diaries and journals. Gr 4-6
If You Traveled West In A Covered Wagon, Ellen Levine
http://www.amazon.com/Traveled-West-Covered-Wagon-You/dp/0590451588/ref=pd_bxgy_b_text_c
You may have a copy of this already, but if not, a good, basic source for information that is accessible to kids.
Pioneers, Linda Scher.
http://tinyurl.com/qeqb6p
A single issue of Kids Discover magazine which is usually a bit thin on content, but a good start to the subject, might have some primary document excerpts, and easy to get each kid a copy.
Life in the Old West (series), Bobbie Kalman
http://tinyurl.com/r4y53k
This series you might be interested in as a whole. Lots of great titles here that cover your topic and accessible to kids. Has photographs and other primary source material woven into short 2-page spread chapters.
Life on the Oregon Trail, Sally Senzell Isaacs
http://www.amazon.com/Life-Oregon-Trail-Picture-Past/dp/1588103021/ref=sr_1_2?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1244206949&sr=1-2
Very basic book that might be good for ELL students or struggling readers, this book covers topics such as children, clothes, and getting food.
Mountain men, Andrew Santella
http://www.amazon.com/Mountain-Men-Cornerstones-Freedom-Second/dp/0516242164/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1244133916&sr=1-1
Decribes lives of 19th century fur trappers and explorers who came West.
You may be interested in other books from the Frontier Land series: http://tinyurl.com/nsemne
The Oregon Trail, Jean F. Blashfield
http://www.amazon.com/Oregon-Trail-We-People-Expansion/dp/0756509351/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1244206488&sr=8-1
Gives basic information about social, economic and political reasons why people moved out West paired with illustrations or pictures. Should be a good, basic book for your study. Gr 3-6
The Tragic Tale of Narcissa Whitman and a Faithful History of the Oregon Trail, Cheryl Harness
http://www.amazon.com/Narcissa-Whitman-Faithful-History-Histories/dp/0792259203/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1244135952&sr=1-1
Carries the tale of Narcissa Whitman from becoming a missionary, traveling west and then meeting her tragic fate. Written for middle schoolers, this book might make a good read aloud for you class as it covers the trail as well as the reaction by the Cayuse Indians to the whites who brought deathly diseases to their lands.
Westward Expansion: An Interactive History Adventure (You Choose Books), Allison Lassieur
http://www.amazon.com/Westward-Expansion-Interactive-History-Adventure/dp/1429617667/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1244132537&sr=8-1
Describes events of Westward Expansion era through perspectives of laborer, pioneer on Oregon Trail, & Sioux warrior. Interactive and sounds like a fun read that will get kids to think.
Westward, ho, ho, ho!, Peter and Connie Roop
http://tinyurl.com/qglt97
These are humorous jokes, riddles and essays about the westward movement. Simplified history but might be just the "hook" you need to spice up a lesson.
Words West: Voices of Young Pioneers, Ginger Wadsworth
http://tinyurl.com/qudccv
Though intended audience is grades 5 and up, I thought to include this as it has primary source material that you might tease out for your students.
Stories of Young Pioneers: In Their Own Words, Violet T. Kimball
http://www.amazon.com/Stories-Young-Pioneers-Their-Words/dp/0878424237/ref=pd_bxgy_b_text_c
Also intended for older students, but has a section on interactions and attitudes towards Native Americans that I thought you might find helpful. Also, might make a good read aloud book. Who knew over half of the young travelers West were under age 18?
You Wouldn't Want to Be an American Pioneer!: A Wilderness You'd Rather Not Tame, Jacqueline Morley
http://www.amazon.com/You-Wouldnt-Want-American-Pioneer/dp/0531163695/ref=pd_sim_b_6#
These are visually really appealing to kids and presents the information in a fun way. Look inside the book to check out the reading level.
Native Americans
(Look for more information on Native Americans in chapters from books in Westward Expansion section)
Native Americans of the Frontier, Charles Sundling
http://www.amazon.com/Native-Americans-Frontier-Land/dp/1577650425/ref=sr_1_7?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1244209830&sr=1-7
From same series as Mountain Men listed above, this should be a good resource for your topic.
If You Lived With The Indians Of The Northwest Coast, Anna Kammma
http://www.amazon.com/Lived-Indians-Northwest-Coast-You/dp/0439260779/ref=sr_1_2?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1244474346&sr=1-2
From the If You series; provide basic, accessible information.
Indians of the Northwest Coast, Cobblestone
http://tinyurl.com/mg5qmp
Much more depth of information than the Kids Discover magazine listed below. However, the reading level might be a bit high. Still, I include it because it has wonderful information with lots of fun topics that you might include in excerpts or as a class activity. For example, there is a chronology of "outside influence" that might help your study. Multiple copies can be purchased.
Nations of the Northwest Coast, Kathryn Smithyman & Bobbie Kalman
http://tinyurl.com/r9adbz
Northwest Coast peoples, Lois Markham
http://tinyurl.com/nytb4g
A single issue from the Discover magazine series for kids that covers basic information about Northwest Native Americans. Usually, the reading level is pretty simple, so it should work for many of your students. However, the information is unfortunately very basic as well, so it just depends on your needs.
People of salmon and cedar, Ron Hirschi
http://tinyurl.com/ptk8gm
History and current day cultures of NW Native Americans.
DVD/CD-ROM RESOURCES
Anna Jefferson [videorecording] : Northwest Native American basketweaver
http://tinyurl.com/r446nk
Mary Jo at the Whatcom County Museum recommended this one. She said it is only out on VHS form, but to let her know if you need another copy (by that I think she means DVD format.)
Johnny Moses [videorecording] : storyteller from the Northwest Pacific Coast.
http://tinyurl.com/oyqzno
Preview this one before showing as there are no reviews. Contents show he tells a story about Bear and Ant, Octopus and Crow among others.
Whatcom County oral histories [videorecording], Brian L. Griffin
http://tinyurl.com/qhym6x
14 dvds - one for each oral history. Includes interviews with a cabinet maker, an "intellectual fisherman".
The Oregon Trail CD-ROM
http://www.amazon.com/The-Oregon-Trail-5th-Edition/dp/B00005LBVS/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=software&qid=1244473434&sr=8-1
With minimal funds, students migrate West on their own adventure making choices about what supplies to purchase etc. Has people from a variety of cultures and some interaction with Native Americans is included in the game.
The Oregon Trail DVD
http://www.amazon.com/Oregon-Trail-Trinklein/dp/1883691079/ref=sr_1_10?ie=UTF8&s=dvd&qid=1244473434&sr=8-10
Though a 2 hour DVD, each chapter is broken up into 2-4 minute segments that you could judiciously interweave into your class discussions. Reviews say appropriate for grades 4-8.
The West (PBS Documentary): Westward I go to Freedom
http://www.pbs.org/weta/thewest/program/episodes/two/westwardfree.htm
Has clips of Ken Burn's The West that you can show as well as teacher resources. This link takes you to one about the Sager family as they made their way across the country and to the Whitman mission. Lots more here to use.
ONLINE RESOURCES
Edward Curtis's North American Indian
http://curtis.library.northwestern.edu/curtis/viewPage.cgi?showp=3&id=nai.09.book.00000058&volume=9&size=2
Published between 1907 and 1930 by Edward Curtis in an attempt to record traditional Indian cultures. This link will allow you to look at amazing photos of Nooksack Indians from that time period. You can enlarge prints and laminate for closer examination.
Indian Removal
http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/learning_history/indian_removal/human_meaning.cfm
Read primary source documents on how removal from Cherokee lands impacted Cherokee people. Though a good resource, I would be careful about over-generalizing and lumping all Native Americans together. So, if you are focusing on Pacific NW Native Americans, you may want to look at the 1855 Point Eliott Treaty listed below.
Historylink.org
http://www.historylink.org/
Free online encyclopedia of Washington State. Here are just a few articles I pulled up.
Eli Mapel (or Maple): Pioneer Recollections, 1902
http://www.historylink.org/index.cfm?DisplayPage=output.cfm&file_id=2645
One of the first pioneers in Seattle, this is a great essay with lots of rich memories. Too long for the kids, but you could easily use excerpts. There is a section about Native Americans that you may find helpful.
Smallpox epidemic ravages Native Americans on the northwest coast of North America in the 1770s.
http://www.historylink.org/index.cfm?DisplayPage=output.cfm&file_id=5100
This is brimming with tragic details of Native American deaths from diseases brought with European contact. Lots of information could be used here and excerpted for students -especially oral histories from Native Americans.
Washington State timeline for students
http://www.historylink.org/index.cfm?DisplayPage=output.cfm&file_id=5366
1855 Point Elliot Treaty
http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/dwa0669.htm
You might take excerpts or even the first line from this treaty and talk about its meaning and impact on NW Native Americans.
Whitman Mission
http://www.nps.gov/whmi/index.htm
Check out this site for information about the Whitman Mission. There is a "Teachers" section as well as traveling trunks- though oddly, none on the Whitman mission itself.
The Oregon Trail Website
http://www.isu.edu/~trinmich/Oregontrail.html
Site created by the two teachers who contributed to PBS special on The Oregon Trail. Lots here to explore! Here are some samples:
Whitman Missions http://www.isu.edu/~trinmich/Whitman.html
Whitman Diaries http://www.isu.edu/~trinmich/00.n.dairies.html
CURRICULUM RESOURCES & MAPS
Fantastic Facts about the Oregon Trail, Michael J. Trinklein
http://www.amazon.com/Fantastic-Facts-about-Oregon-Trail/dp/1883691001/ref=pd_sim_dbs_b_2
Quirky facts and stories that will help spice up the lesson.
Pioneer Days: Discover the Past with Fun Projects, Games, Activities, and Recipes, David King
http://www.amazon.com/Pioneer-Days-Discover-Projects-Activities/dp/0471161691/ref=pd_cp_b_3
Teach daily life of pioneers through fun, hands-on activities.
Nan McNutt's Activity Books: many are also available from WCLS
The Spindle Whorl: An Activity Book Ages 9-12, http://www.amazon.com/Spindle-Whorl-Activity-Northwest-Discovery/dp/1570611157/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1243479681&sr=1-1
The Button Blanket: An Activity Book Ages 6-10 http://www.amazon.com/Button-Blanket-Activity-Northwest-Discovery/dp/1570611181/ref=pd_sim_b_1
The bentwood box : an activity book for kids from ages 9-14, http://catalog.wcls.org/ipac20/ipac.jsp?index=.TW&term=bentwood+box&profile=#focus
Washington Territory Indian Nations and Tribes
http://www.washingtonhistoryonline.org/treatytrail/teaching/pdfs/1854-Lambert-census-map.pdf
This is off of OSPI's website.
Westward Ho!: An Activity Guide to the Wild West, Laurie Carlson
http://www.amazon.com/Westward-Ho-Activity-Guide-Wild/dp/1556522711/ref=pd_sim_b_6
This book has a companion in the series for Native American crafts and activities.
Singing our way west : songs and stories of America's westward expansion, Jerry Silverman
http://tinyurl.com/o8cj3a
This looks like an interesting resource to vary your teaching medium. Has 12 songs about the exploring the American West and interweaves history narration as well. Designed for grades 4-6.
GENERAL RESOURCES
Laura Jacoby (360) 599-1711
Black Mountain Forestry Center
http://www.blackmountainforestry.com/education.htm
Laura is the grandaughter of early Whatcom County resident and local historian, Galen Biery. She presents his "Magic Lantern Slide Show" as well as a "What's in the Woods?" educational program. Contact her directly to set up at time to have her come visit your class.
Mt Baker School District: Elementary Libraries
http://www.mtbaker.wednet.edu/elemlib/
They have put much of their CBA material online.
National Archives
http://archives.gov/research/american-revolution/pictures/
A great source for art from the era and primary documents. You may wish to look up other key documents by searching on the home page.
Washington State Library
http://www.secstate.wa.gov/library/
This is a very useful resource with so much here from an online history textbook to many digitalized documents that show our state's history.
Classics: http://www.secstate.wa.gov/history/publications.aspx
So much here that you can download and use - from railroad brochures luring folks out west to journals, this should give you lots in terms of primary source material.
Washington Territorial Timeline
http://www.secstate.wa.gov/history/timeline.aspx
This is an "interactive" timeline of the settlement of Washington State.
Whatcom County Library Tours and Card Applications
http://www.wcls.org/content/view/93/172/
MUSEUM RESOURCES
Burke Museum:
Burke Boxes: Classroom Collections http://www.washington.edu/burkemuseum/education/study.php
This is such a great resource! They have boxes on all sorts of NW topics, including one on Native Peoples and their Environment. You can sign up online and boxes come with lots of extras depending on the topic you picked.
Archives:http://www.washington.edu/burkemuseum/collections/ethnology/collections/browse.php?ID=170561
If you do the activities using McNutt's books, there are great photos of actual button blankets etc on this site.
Burkemobile: http://www.washington.edu/burkemuseum/education/burkemobile/
A new program that was piloted this past year. They bring museum to your classroom, for free!, and help students connect with the artifacts. They have 3 lessons, one called Living Traditions: Native People of Washington State. Looks superb!
Teacher guide for Basketry of NW Native Americans
http://www.washington.edu/burkemuseum/baskets/Teachersguideforbasketry.htm
Gives information on the different types of weaving and patterns from various groups, then has students draw on patterns using basic outline on paper. Maps in the beginning are worth looking at and using. If you do more on baskets, there is a DVD through WCLS called Baskets of the Northwest People: Gifts from the Grandmothers that you may be interested in pairing with this project.
Lynden Pioneer Museum
http://www.lyndenpioneermuseum.com/resources/index.php
This might be worth visiting with your class, or at least getting them to come to your class for a visit. Contact their Educational Coordinator for a visit at (360) 354-3675.
Online photos on county turn of the century history include:
Agriculture: http://lyndenpioneermuseum.com/exhibits/agexhibit.php
Rural Victorian Home: http://lyndenpioneermuseum.com/exhibits/rural_victorian.php
Transportaton: http://lyndenpioneermuseum.com/exhibits/trans_ex.php
Museum of History and Industry
http://www.seattlehistory.org/edu_resources.cfm
They also have classroom collections, trunks, that you can request, and one specifically on PNW Native Americans.
Visual Resources- another fabulous resource!
These are slide collections you can request - one on logging from 1854-1910 might be helpful in explaining the growth of the logging industry and how European worldview of the Earth's resources is so different from that of local Native cultures. They also have a Native Americans slide collection.
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